Medical Student Research Forum Posters

Assess the efficacy of ultrasound, a more accessible point of care modality, to describe the dimensions of the epidural space. Determine the reliability of ultrasound for measuring cervical and lumbar epiduralspaces for ESIs in chronic pain patients and compares these to MRI measurement.

Vertebral compression fractures (VCF) from trauma, osteoporosis, or pathologic reasons are a significant cause of severe pain and decreased functionality, both of which pose a considerable functional and financial burden to the patient.

SVV is the change in stroke volume during inspiration and expiration due to changes in intrathoracic pressure and consequent variations in venous return. SVV to assess fluid status and guide intraoperative fluid management. SVV utility was established using TV of 8 ml/kg while ARDSNet recommendations suggest 6 ml/kg is preferable.

Placental mesenchymal stem cell derived-extracellular vesicles (PMSC-EVs) triggercellular regeneration with less toxicity andimmunogenicity compared to cell-basedtherapy. Conventional monolayer cell culture has low yield of PMSC-EVs which limits currentapplications.

The CELLine bioreactor, allows for a high-density 3D cell culture within a semipermeablemembrane. It has been utilized as a large-scaletissue culture method. The objective is to explore the application of the CELLine bioreactor as a novel approach to improve the production and yield of PMSC-EVs for regenerative medicine applications.

Transcatheter mitral edge-to edge repair(mTEER) is a minimally invasive, catheter-based therapy used to treat mitralregurgitation. The gold standard for intraprocedural guidance of mTEER is transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).4-dimensional volumetric intracardiacechocardiography (vICE) is an alternativeimaging modality that provides volumetricimages with multiplanar reconstruction forguidance during structural heart procedures.

Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Heart failure withimproved ejection fraction (HFimpEF) has better prognosis and outcomes. However, improvement only occurs in a subpopulationof HFrEF.

Compare and correlate predictive agreementbetween Pes and Edwards ClearSite hemodynamic measurement changesfollowing abdominal insufflation.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited tumor syndrome caused by heterozygous germline mutations in the NF1 gene, occurring in approximately 1/2600 individuals. A subset of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) develop juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXGs), a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and some of these patients also develop juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).Yet, these associations are poorly delineated.JXG is a benign proliferation of non-Langerhans cells histiocytes characterized by small yellow/brown papulonodules ranging from 1-20 mm in size. JMML is a mixed myeloproliferative-myelodysplastic disorder that affects children, most often before age 6.4. The first and only systematic review on this described therisk of developing JMML 20 to 30 times higher in patients with NF1 with JXG lesions compared to those without JXG. Since then, mostly isolated case reports have either refuted or confirmed this triple association.

Teledermatology is an emerging field withindermatology that has allowed for increased access to care through web portals such as MyChart. MyChart is a password-protected website that offers patients 24-hour access to personal health information and permits patients to send messages and photographs pertaining to their medical concerns.

MMS is a microscopically controlled surgery used to treat skin cancers such as Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), and Melanoma.

Mohs surgeons have increasingly utilized such portals post-operatively to keep track of patient progress2, but there has been sparse research that analyzes the characteristics of patient-initiated electronic and telephone communication after MMS. This study identifies the attributes and factors that contribute to patient-initiated contact after MMS.

Patient experience surveys (PES) may be used to evaluate emergency department (ED) physician performance PES quantitative scores may be subject to gender biasFew studies have evaluated PES free-text comments.

There is significant variability in methods used to perform neurological examination in poorlyresponsive patients. Inconsistent and poor inter-examiner reliability may lead to poor,consequential clinical decision-making and care. Noxious stimuli are routinely administered to elicit motoric responses to determine the depth of unresponsiveness in comatose patients. However, no study has tested the reliability of noxious stimuli delivery (NSD) method or quantified applied force that elicit motor responses in patients with coma.

Patient experience in healthcare is of growing importance and is the heart of a patient-centered care. Positive patient experience correlates with betterhealth outcomes.

Press Ganey (PG) surveys are a common measure of patient satisfaction often used in physician performance and promotions. Patients may have unconscious biases when filling out surveys. Few studies exist on the free-text comments about physicians in Press Ganey Surveys.

For patients with diabetes mellitus requiring specialty care, access to routine careis essential for maintaining a high quality of life and avoiding adverse health outcomes. Telemedicine improves access to diabetes specialists and was rapidly adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic

Patients with CHF seen by an interdisciplinary palliative care team have shown improvements in patients' quality of life, sympton burden, and mood. The Supportive Medicine Clinic (SMC) at UC Davis Health (UCDH) is a Palliative Care Clinic that is embedded in an academic cardiology practice and sees patients one day per week for sixty minutes.

The impact of being unhoused on the likelihoodof being violently injured and reinjured (+financial burden) has become more significantas the unhoused population continues toincrease. Being unhoused is associated with an increased likelihood of being re-assaulted (recidivism) after an initial violent assault compared to the housed population.

20 million people in the USA struggled with asubstance use disorder (SUD) in 2020. SUD affects both rural and urban areas, but rural areas have fewer treatment resources. ASAM CONTINUUM® is an intake assessment tool created by the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) that helps evaluate SUD and recommend the appropriate level of care.

El Dorado Community Health Center has aLevel 1 SUD treatment clinic in rural NorthernCalifornia that implemented ASAM CONTINUUM®.

Metabolomics refers to the analysis of patterns of small molecular metabolites in biological samples. Given the systemic effects of Crohn’s Disease (CD) on metabolite production, immune mediation, and microbiota growth, metabolomic studies undoubtedly provide clarity into disease course and prognosis. This is a comprehensive systematic review of human studies to identify common metabolite signatures in human CD.

US elderly population is rapidly becoming more diverse. Historically, studies of aging and dementia do not reflect this increase in diversity. Aging and cognitive health is affected by psychosocial and environmental determinants that particularly impact diverse groups. White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) are imaging findings that have been linked to dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease processes.

To date, we are not aware of a systematic review that has investigated the extent to which white matter hyperintensities contribute to the ethno-racial disparities in dementia and cognitive impairment.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of both cancer and cancer-related mortality in the United States. Targeting different receptor tyrosine kinase pathways has proven to be a potent therapeutic strategy for such cancers.

Compound 10357 is an amiloride derivative with potential promise as an adjunct to current chemotherapeutics. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of Compound 10357 in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL).

Cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in adolescent and young adults (AYA: ages15-39) worldwide. Over 90% of AYAs with cancer live in low-and-middle-incomecountries (LMIC). Little is known about thecurrent landscape of AYA oncology care in these settings. Guidelines for the care of thisunique population in LMIC in Latin America are lacking.

Atypical presentations of conditions make identifying source of Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) challenging. Incidence of hepatic abscesses (HA) in the pediatric population in the U.S. is 25 per 100,000 admissions. Most cases occur in children with predisposing factors such as appendicitis or immunocompromised state.

State and national guidelines recommend that prescribing opioids for chronic pain should be based on patients’ progress towards mutually agreed on, objective treatment goals. Physicians lack practical advice on discussing goals. We lack research on how, when, and why patients with chronic pain discuss treatment goals during clinic visits.

Over a quarter of the world’s population is infected with Tuberculosis (TB)1 and 5-10% of cases of latent TB infection (LTBI) progress to active TB in an individual’s lifetime.Though screening tests are widely utilized for diagnosing LTBI, they are far from perfect.This describes a case of disseminated TB in a patient treated with aggressive immunosuppression after a false-negativeQuantiFERON-TB Gold test.

Endometriosis: ectopic endometrial tissue that responds to cyclical hormonal changes during a normal menstrual cycle, becoming trapped in an endometrioma and causing pain. NHPs have been used to study endometriosis: baboons, cynomolgus, rhesus, and marmoset monkeys.

Long-term management strategies to preserve graft function in post-renal transplant patients have largely remained stagnant. Whole-food plant-based dietary counseling has beenshown to reduce the incidence of comorbidities(diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) that post-transplant patients are at increased risk for developing. It is not yet standard-of-care to offer post-transplant patients long-term dietary counseling. Whole-food plant-based dietary counseling is a cost-effective and safe intervention that can be widely distributed.This examines if three months of whole-food plant-based dietary counseling in post-renal transplant patients can reduce the incidence of comorbidities thus improving graft & patient outcome.

MiMentor is a student-led non-profit org whosemission is to provide innovative and inclusivementorship opportunities to inspire the nextgeneration of diverse healthcare leaders. This project aims to identify factors that contributeto leadership identity formation among students that have participated in MiMentor leadership positions.

Currently, there are less than 3.8% of physicians in faculty leadership positions in Academic Medicine that identify as Latino/Hispanic. Latinx are the largest single racial/ethnic group in California at 39% and are expected to constitute nearly half of Californians by 2060, there is an urgency to diversify our healthcare workforce toimprove the health and future of our state.

With health policy playing a larger role in the practice of medicine since the passage of the Affordable Care Act1, the need for medical students to have a basic understanding of health policy and its many components is urgent. Teaching medical students basic knowledge of health policy will properly prepare them to grow into the future leaders of the healthcare system.

Only 3 initiatives that address Health SystemsSciences (HSS) curricula and provide a case-study of sorts have been documented3,4,5. These include Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, and Penn State College of Medicine.

Early exposure to medicine as a careeramong high school students in underservedcommunities is crucial for igniting passionand confidence in the next generation ofURM physicians to serve the diversecommunities of California. We hypothesize that after participating in this program, high school students will have increased awareness about the pathway to medicine and interest in pursuing a career in medicine.

Long-term management strategies to preserve graft function in post-renal transplant patients have largely remained stagnant. Whole-food plant-based dietary counseling has beenshown to reduce the incidence of comorbidities(diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) that post-transplant patients are at increased risk for developing. It is not yet standard-of-care to offer post-transplant patients long-term dietary counseling. Whole-food plant-based dietary counseling is a cost-effective and safe intervention that can be widely distributed.This examines if three months of whole-food plant-based dietary counseling in post-renal transplant patients can reduce the incidence of comorbidities thus improving graft & patient outcome.

A spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs when the CSF egresses from the subarachnoid space of teh anterior or middle cranial fossa into the surrounding sinonasal or middle ear cavities through a dehiscence of the lamia dorsa.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major source of mortality worldwide. Survivors of moderate-to-severe TBI frequently have neurological and cognitive deficits. There are no pharamacological therapeutics for neuroprotection following TBI.

Woven EndoBridge (WEB) Devices area recent tool in endovascular cerebralaneurysm repair, proposed as areplacement for Stent-Assisted Coiling(SAC). Still a new technology, they were FDAapproved in 2019. WEB devices are ~$15K per device, leading to questions about the costeffectiveness. (Stents cost anywherefrom 7K-13K, and coils cost ~2K-5Kper, but typically use multiples.)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is directly associated with cognitivedecline and dementia1,2. AF can alter cerebral blood flow3, which may disrupt white matter (WM) integrity, and lead to cerebral vascular disease (CVD). Cerebral free water (FW), derived from Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), can predict most subtle WM microstructuralchanges in young healthy adults4,5 and is strongly associated with WM injury in older adults6.  Fractional anisotropy (FA), also derived from DTI, is a sensitive measure of brain connectivity. Decreased FA is associated with poorer cognitive and executive function 7.  This study aimed to investigate whether AF is a risk factor for CVD in non-demented individuals using two biomarkers: cerebral FW and FA.

Our early sensory experiences and ability to explore our environment shapes our brain, perceptions and behavior. Active exploration provides kinematic and sensory feedbackwhich drives movement that are distributed in neural networks. Deprivation and unnatural environments effect fine motor precision, manual dexterity, bilateral coordination, balance and motor limb coordination.

On the contrary, naturalistic environments are key for cognitive function, stress regulation, and motor development. This study looks to quantify functional brain organization,motor cortex connectivity, corticospinal tract connectivity and use statistical analysis to correlate/predict neural or behavioralphenotypes that are demonstrated by the environment.

As the rate of cannabis induced psychosis increases in many parts of the world, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of this disorder. In this review we will attempt to connect cannabis induced physiological changes with new PET data on CB1receptors in patients with schizophrenia to provide a theoretical mechanisms of cannabis-induced psychosis in adolescence. Wepropose that adolescent cannabis induced psychosis is possibly induced by chronic usage of cannabis during an important neurodevelopmental timeframe. This induces CB1 receptor down regulation due to tolerance, a similar pathophysiological state seenin patients with schizophrenia. The risk of developing cannabis induced psychosis is proposed to be a combination of whencannabis use is first initiated, potency of cannabis, frequency of usage and genetic predisposition. After reviewing these steadilyincreasing data, we propose future studies and policy changes to further understand this mechanism and decrease the incidence ofadolescent cannabis induced psychosis.

To provide better support to houseless individuals’experiences with MAB.

To evaluate the consistency of contraceptionplan identified at delivery hospitalization withreported contraception use over 6 monthspostpartum.

After patients end their cancer treatmentand have no evidence of disease, theyenter survivorship portion of their care.

Survivorship programs provide thefollowing services: psychosocial support,nutrition, medication side-effects, geneticcounseling, and fertility concerns throughthe use of treatment summaries andsurvivorship care plans. Patients continue to face difficulty in accessing services.

Objectives: To increase enrollment insurvivorship program.

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults, ages 20-74. The tele-ophthalmology program was launch at UCD Health in 2018 and was expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic to improveearly screening for diabetic retinopathy. Assess diabetic retinopathy screening utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study evaluates follow-up encounters and outcomes.

Pneumatic retinopexy (PR) is used to repair retinal detachments ideally in phakic patients who have a single break or multiple smaller breaks in the superior 8 clock hours of the fundus. The single-procedure success rate of PR is highly variable and has been reported to range between 43.7% and 95.5%, with a mean of 74.4% across all studies.

The National Academy of Medicine addresses healthcare safety and quality in the United States: Timely care: avoid harmful delays, Efficient care: prevent waste of equipment, supplies, ideas, and energy, and Clinic workflow affects both timeliness and efficiency.Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality on workflow2: Steps taken to complete job responsibilities in work setting can be physical and mental tasks, and can occur sequentially or simultaneously. Ophthalmology relies on smooth clinic flow and efficiency. COVID-19: Increased telemedicine, online patient messages, and staff work hours to accommodate urgent care and patientbacklogs. Crucial: Streamline workflow efficiency in this fast-paced field.

The aging population are participating in more athletic  and physically demanding activities longer and later in life.  The debate over the best graft for ACL reconstructions has been ongoing for years and there are numerous studies supporting all types, but none focus on the older population.  This study aims to report allografts are an equally viable and effective option for ACL reconstruction in patients over 40 years of age with no difference in re-rupture rates.

Intramedullary nailing is considered the gold-standard treatment for tibial shaft fractures. The goals of treatment for these fractures are correction of axial and rotational alignment and adequate mechanical stability, allowing for optimal healing. The nail is secured in place using screws or other fasteners that are placed through the bone and into the nail itself.2  Another benefit is the ability to preserve the soft tissue around the fracture to safeguard the extraosseous blood supply and minimize soft tissue damage.3 In reference to tibial intramedullary nailing, a start point is the location where a hole is drilled in the tibia to insert the intramedullary nail. The ideal starting point for guide wire placement for the average tibia is described as 2 mm medial to the lateral tibial eminence on AP imaging and just anterior to articular surface and parallel to the anterior tibia cortex on lateral imaging.6,7 It is a critical part of the procedure because it determines the trajectory and positioning of the nail within the medullary canal.7 Having a good, ideal starting point can prevent valgus angulation and translation at the fracture site. If the start point is too far off center or at the wrong angle, the nail may be inserted incorrectly and not provide the necessary support for the bone to heal, leading to malalignment or nonunion.  It is believed that different approaches to tibial intramedullary nailing may have differing abilities to achieve an optimal start point due to associated anatomical visualization and access. These approaches include suprapatellar, parapatellar, and infrapatellar nailing. The suprapatellar approach involves making an incision above the patella and placing instruments across the patellofemoral joint, potentially damaging the joint surface. However, the nail can be inserted at the start point with the knee extended, which leads to better alignment and stability of the fractured bone. Most importantly, the main advantage of the suprapatellar approach is that it reduces anterior angulation by eliminating the extension force of the quadriceps and aids fracture reduction by preventing proximal fragment migration.4,5 The parapatellar approach, proven to be effective and reliable, involves making a smaller incision below the patella with the knee in hyperflexion. This approach is less invasive than the suprapatellar approach regarding the patellofemoral joint, but the patellar tendon needs to be circumnavigated leading to potential for higher incidence of anterior knee pain.6 Also, it can be more difficult to achieve proper alignment and increases the risk of apex anterior deformities.4 The infrapatellar approach is split into transtendinous approach and paratendinous approach where the starting point is established by splitting the patellar tendon or making an incision on either side of the knee, respectively.6 This approach provides good visualization, but it can increase the risk of damage to the patellar tendon and other soft tissue structures around the knee.

Our study aimed to characterize presentations andassess the treatment of firearm-induced NVI in pediatricpatients at a level-1 pediatric trauma center.

Tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) is the gold standard for voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy (TL). TEP voicing can be challenging & unpredictable. The dynamicswallow study is a fluoroscopic swallow study part of standard clinical care prior to TEP placement. The study aimed to determine which objective dynamic swallow study (DSS) parameters predict improved voice outcomes in patients who have TEP placement.

To develop a deep machine learning model that attenuates CI artifacts from EEG CAEPs. These CAEPs will more faithfully represent auditory cortex signals as compared with current denoising methodologies.

A strong predictor of mortality in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is the stage of tumor at time of diagnosis. Studies suggest that income level is associated with poor putcomes in HNC patients.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited tumor syndrome caused by heterozygous germline mutations in the NF1 gene, occurring in approximately 1/2600 individuals. A subset of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) develop juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXGs), a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and some of these patients also develop juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).Yet, these associations are poorly delineated.JXG is a benign proliferation of non-Langerhans cells histiocytes characterized by small yellow/brown papulonodules ranging from 1-20 mm in size. JMML is a mixed myeloproliferative-myelodysplastic disorder that affects children, most often before age 6.4. The first and only systematic review on this described therisk of developing JMML 20 to 30 times higher in patients with NF1 with JXG lesions compared to those without JXG. Since then, mostly isolated case reports have either refuted or confirmed this triple association.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited tumor syndrome caused by heterozygous germline mutations in the NF1 gene, occurring in approximately 1/2600 individuals. A subset of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) develop juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXGs), a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and some of these patients also develop juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).Yet, these associations are poorly delineated.JXG is a benign proliferation of non-Langerhans cells histiocytes characterized by small yellow/brown papulonodules ranging from 1-20 mm in size. JMML is a mixed myeloproliferative-myelodysplastic disorder that affects children, most often before age 6.4. The first and only systematic review on this described therisk of developing JMML 20 to 30 times higher in patients with NF1 with JXG lesions compared to those without JXG. Since then, mostly isolated case reports have either refuted or confirmed this triple association.

In May of 2022, parents living in the United States (U.S.) experienced a significant infant formula shortage with national out-of-stock rates of up to 74% for the week ending in May 28, 2022. Longstanding Contributing Factors:few U.S. formula producers, U.S. trade policy and high tariff rates, Infant formula rebate contracts used by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Woman Infant Children(WIC).

No in vitro method for culturing Primary Leukemia Cells exists. Thus, study of Primary Leukemia biology requires immunodeficient mouse models, which is costly and time consuming. Identifying a method to grow and maintain Primary Leukemia Cells in vitro would allow biological and molecular assays to facilitate bench to bedside translation.

Females are at higher risk for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries compared to males, in part due to sex-based differences in neuromuscular control during high-risk tasks such as jump landing.  Strength development during puberty tends to be lower and delayed in females compared to males; this may result in compensatory neuromuscular control patterns that placefemales at higher risk for ACL injury. The relationship between strength development andneuromuscular control is not currently known.The objective is to determine the effect of sex, strength, and pubertal stage on neuromuscular control during jump landing in middle school children.

Examine the number of appointments fulfilled within the past year, contrasting between the behavioral health clinic at Willow Free Clinic and the newly introduced hybrid model. Our hypothesis suggests that implementing the hybrid model at the behavioral health clinic will lead to an increase in the number of patients identified as screening positive and subsequently accessing care.

Studies in recent years widely suggest that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have a detrimental impact on the health of individuals.Less is known about this association among health professions students in particular. One recent study showed that ACEs may be associated with engaging in risk behaviors among medical students (Sciolla et al., 2019).In contrast, fewer studies have examined positive childhood experiences (PCEs) as a possible protective factor with respect to health outcomes such as psychological distress. Furthermore, research on the mechanisms that link PCEs to outcomes among professional health students is scant, although studies have suggested that resilience may also protect professional health students from experiencing psychological distress (Bacchi et al., 2017; Clark et al., 2023).

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited tumor syndrome caused by heterozygous germline mutations in the NF1 gene, occurring in approximately 1/2600 individuals. A subset of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) develop juvenile xanthogranulomas (JXGs), a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and some of these patients also develop juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).Yet, these associations are poorly delineated.JXG is a benign proliferation of non-Langerhans cells histiocytes characterized by small yellow/brown papulonodules ranging from 1-20 mm in size. JMML is a mixed myeloproliferative-myelodysplastic disorder that affects children, most often before age 6.4. The first and only systematic review on this described therisk of developing JMML 20 to 30 times higher in patients with NF1 with JXG lesions compared to those without JXG. Since then, mostly isolated case reports have either refuted or confirmed this triple association.

To evaluate the consistency of contraceptionplan identified at delivery hospitalization withreported contraception use over 6 monthspostpartum.

The primary aim was to examining abortion-trained physician perspectives on barriers toabortion access and their views on physicians'roles in the legislative regulation of abortion.

The secondary aim was to elicit theperspectives and experiences of abortion-trained physicians to understand the effectsof legislation on their ability to providepatients with comprehensive reproductivecare.

Cholecystectomy is the gold standard treatment for patients with acute cholecystitis. Patients who are high risk for complications from cholecystectomy can be offered percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) tube placement. PC can be done to bridge high-risk patients for subsequent, elective cholecystectomy. 129 patients were identified to have undergone PC at UC Davis. 122 patients had their initial tube placed by UC Davis. Manual chart review to evaluatecharacteristics of patient population who’vereceived a PC tube, including demographics,radiation exposure, complications, andtreatment course.

The study aim was to characterize patientswho received PC at a tertiary academichospital to evaluate the potential populationbenefitting from gallbladder thermoablation.

Shoulder MRI occasionally shows a low signal prominence at the anteroinferior glenohumeral joint (GHJ) recess resembling thickened capsular tissue which has an uncertain clinical significance.

Objectives are to examine the frequency of this finding on MR and if it is visualized on arthroscopy, and to correlate with other common shoulderpathologies seen on MR.

To evaluate the impact of a formal anesthetic protocol on the peri and post procedural outcomes of ALS patients undergoing PRG.

Healthcare disparities exist in surgicalmedicine and several factors contribute tothem, including the systemic effects ofstructural racism as well as implicit biascarried by providers. Complications arisingfrom harmful institutional structures, SocialDeterminants of Health, and lack of culturalcompetency are appropriately named“Cultural Complications.” In this paper, wereview the literature for strategies surgicalresidency programs have utilized to combatboth staff and patient exposure to CulturalComplications. In addition, we introduce thenovel UC Davis Department of Surgery’sCultural Complications M&M series.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women after lung cancer1. Obesity, personal history, and family history are well-known factors associated with increased risk of breast cancer2. The American Cancer Society recommends all women with increased risk for breast cancer to begin screening with mammograms at the latest by age 403. Previous studies have shown conflicting data on the likelihood of obese women undergoing routine breast cancer screening.

Evaluate the Assessment of ObesityrelatedMetabolic Comorbidities (AOMC) system tostratify diabetes response to RYGB compared todiabetes definitions by medication use and HbA1c.